1.one way in which russia's geography affected its early history was that a. the lack of natural barriers on the steppe encouraged migration. b. the lack of fertile land promoted the development of trade. c. the river network encouraged contact with western europe. d. the mountains protected russia from invasion. 2.why was mongol rule over russia significant? a. it caused russia to look to china for cultural and political influences. b. it cut off russia from western europe at a time of great scientific progress. c. it prompted russia to close itself off from the rest of asia. d. it brought russia under the influence of islam both religiously and politically. 3.which of the following items is one reason why eastern europe became a refuge for jews? a. eastern europe was at the end of a migration route from spain. b. poland's government established a policy of toleration toward jews. c. hungary needed people to settle under-populated areas. d. the mongols drove jewish people from russia.

1.One way in which Russia's geography affected its early history was that A. the lack of natural barriers on the steppe encouraged migration.

2.Why was Mongol rule over Russia significant? C.It prompted Russia to close itself off from the rest of Asia.

3.Which of the following items is one reason why Eastern Europe became a refuge for Jews? B. Poland's government established a policy of toleration toward Jews.

the caste system in india is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. it has origins in ancient india, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern india, especially the mughal empire and the british raj.it is today the basis of educational and job reservations in india.it consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

the caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the mughal era and the british colonial regime in india. the collapse of the mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.the british raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration

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spread of christianity