Is this picture from the medieval times or the renaissance?

consider an orange peel: if you want to try and lay it flat, you have to stretch it, we know exactly how things are being stretched or squashed at any given point. we have many different map projections because each has different patterns of some projections can even preserve certain features of the earth without

equal area projections

equal-area projection. a projection in which regions on the earth's surface that are of equal area are represented as equal.