How did nineteenth century european imperialism differ from sixteenth century european colonialism?

16th century colonialism focused on North and South America.

19th century imperialism focused on Africa and Asia.

16th century colonists came to the Americas because of religious persecution in their home countries, or overpopulation or joblessness, seeking a new beginning.

19th century imperial efforts included some colonizing, but were more so an effort to extend economic and political control into other regions of the world.

16th century colonialism operated under the mercantilist system, where the idea was to enrich home governments by controlling all aspects of trade and commerce.  Colonies were made a part of that process.

19th century imperialism operated in the days of industrial capitalism and was seeking to exploit the resources of new regions for the enrichment of various businesses in more of an open market.