What were the political climates in great britain, france, austria, and russia?

Great Britain - became more liberal because of the increased number of voters throughout the nineteenth century, economic growth and prosperity.

France - authoritarian government with the establishment of the second empire.

Austria - primary problems such as nationalism and independence lead to reforms such as the 1867 dual monarchy creation, and concerns over separatism.

Russia - remained politically conservative after its failure to attempt to reform society and make a major change.