Explanation of the irony- the opposite of what might be expected- in gyorgy ligeti 's characterization of west berlin

The irony lays in the fact that West Berlin, though walled-in, was a place of freedom.

Explanation:

Since many East Germans were flying to West Germany by first getting to West Berlin, a 13 feet high and 100 miles long wall was built around that side of the city. György Ligeti, a Hungarian composer, described the walled-in West Berlin as “a surrealist cage in which those inside are free.”

the protestant reformation's started in 1517, disturbing the religious and political order in europe´s catholic countries. the outcome was the european wars of religion prosecuted in europe in the 16th, 17th and part of the 18th century. nonetheless, uprisings, territorial disputes, and great power conflicts were also causes of the wars.  

a memoir is the correct answer