Is this valid or invalid: if x then not y x therefore not y

Which of the following statements best illustrates an argument on whether congress is effective on providing oversight of the bureaucracy? a. congress is very effective in providing oversight of the bureaucracy. b. congress is not very effective in providing oversight to the bureaucracy because they lack the technical expertise and they are part of the iron triangles that create a relationship with the bureaucracy and interest groups to show more a. congress is very effective in providing oversight of the bureaucracy. b.congress is not very effective in providing oversight to the bureaucracy because they lack the technical expertise and they are part of the iron triangles that create a relationship with the bureaucracy and interest groups to further their own interests and not necessarily the public interest. c.congress provides effective oversight of the bureaucracy through the budgetary process. d.congress is not effective in providing oversight because of the budget and enabling legislation.

There are certain modes of governing the people which will succeed. there are others which will not. the idea of consolidation is abhorrent to the people of this country." —william grayson, 1788 which of the following is a true statement about this quote? 1) it represents a federalist viewpoint on the relative power of the central government. 2) it represents an anti-federalist viewpoint on the relative power of the central government. 3) it represents a federalist viewpoint on the need for protection of individual liberties. 4) it represents an anti-federalist viewpoint on the need for protection of individual liberties.

Quid pro quo sexual harassment typically involves