What is the term for a trial in which a judge decides the verdict without a jury? Appeal
Bench trial
Limited jurisdiction
Personal jurisdiction

i think it can have both positive and negative effects on businesses.

for example:

lets say you own a small business and taxes go up 4% that means it is going to cost your business more money to buy product to sell. but at the same time you make more money from the tax rise.

that is my theory.

yes, obviously. that violates r@pe and p*dophilia laws, which are some pretty serious laws if you ask me.