John Augustus’s work with juveniles began in 1841, yet it was not until 1956 that all states established probation laws. Why did it take so long to achieve public support for both juvenile and adult probations? Judges reported more success from incarceration.
Prison guard unions lobbied for incarceration.
Incarceration was proven to be the most effective preventive measure.
Adults were believed to be more set in their ways.

Difference between joint tenancy and tenancy in common

Asubject in a clinical research trial experiences a serious, unanticipated adverse drug experience. how should the investigator proceed, with respect to the irb, after the discovery of the adverse event occurrence? a. do not report the adverse drug experience to the irb since it is a common adverse experience. b. report the adverse drug experience to the irb only if there are several other occurrences. c. report the adverse drug experience as part of the continuing review report. d. report the adverse drug experience in a timely manner, in keeping with the irb's policies and procedures, using the forms or the mechanism provided by the irb.

When was virginia conflict of interest and ethics advisory council created?