Discuss the burden of proof required in criminal cases. Do you think defendants should have to be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt to be convicted? Or do you think a lesser burden of proof, like the preponderance of evidence in needed in civil cases, is more appropriate?

Explain your reasoning.

Asubject in a clinical research trial experiences a serious, unanticipated adverse drug experience. how should the investigator proceed, with respect to the irb, after the discovery of the adverse event occurrence? a. do not report the adverse drug experience to the irb since it is a common adverse experience. b. report the adverse drug experience to the irb only if there are several other occurrences. c. report the adverse drug experience as part of the continuing review report. d. report the adverse drug experience in a timely manner, in keeping with the irb's policies and procedures, using the forms or the mechanism provided by the irb.

What are the ramifications of different interpretations of the relationship between loac and human right laws?

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