(17.33) a randomized comparative experiment examined the effect of a technique for improving one’s ability to focus one’s attention on performance of undergraduate students on the verbal portion of the graduate record exam (gre). the researchers found a statistically significant improvement in performance on the verbal gre (p = 0.05). when asked to explain the meaning of (p =0.05) a student says, “this means there is only probability equal to 0.05 that the null hypothesis is true.” explain what p= 0.05 really means in a way that makes it clear that the student's explanation is wrong. p = 0.05 means that the outcome is at least 5% higher among one group than among the other group. p = 0.05 means that there is a probability of 0.05 that the null hypothesis is false. p = 0.05 means that the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed, is 0.05. p = 0.05 means that the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed, is less than 0.05.