Ackerman and goldsmith (2011) found that students who studied text from printed hardcopy had better test scores than students who studied from text presented on a screen. in a related study, a professor noticed that several students in a large class had purchased the e-book version of the course textbook. for the final exam, the overall average for the entire class was μ = 81.7, but the n = 9 students who used e-book had a mean of m = 77.2 with a standard deviation of s = 5.7. on the basis of these data, can the professor conclude that students using e-books had significantly lower scores than the regular class? use α = .05 with a one-tailed test.