The workload for the local job shop is subject to considerable seasonal fluctuation. however, machine operators are difficult to hire and costly to train, so the manager is re- luctant to lay off workers during the slack seasons. he is likewise reluctant to maintain his peak season payroll when it is not required. furthermore, he is definitely opposed to overtime work on a regular basis. since all work is done to custom orders, it is not pos- sible to build up inventories during slack seasons. therefore, the manager is in a dilemma as to what his policy should be regarding employment levels.