The principle of redundancy is used when system reliability is improved through redundant or backup components. a region's government requires that commercial aircraft used for flying in hazardous conditions must have two independent radios instead of one. assume that for a typical flight, the probability of a radio failure is 0.00440.0044. what is the probability that a particular flight will be threatened with the failure of both radios? describe how the second independent radio increases safety in this case.

Amachine that produces a special type of transistor (a component of computers) has a 2% defective rate. the production is considered a random process where each transistor is independent of the others. (a) what is the probability that the 10th transistor produced is the first with a defect? (b) what is the probability that the machine produces no defective transistors in a batch of 100? (c) on average, how many transistors would you expect to be produced before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (d) another machine that also produces transistors has a 5% defective rate where each transistor is produced independent of the others. on average how many transistors would you expect to be produced with this machine before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (e) based on your answers to parts (c) and (d), how does increasing the probability of an event a↵ect the mean and standard deviation of the wait time until success?

Atown has a population of 17000 and grows at 2.5% every year. to the nearest year, how long will it be until the population will reach 19600?

Which graph represents the same relation is the sa which graph represents the same relation as the set {(-3-2)}