The p-value is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the value representing the sample data. first determine if the test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed.
a) in a left-tailed test, the p-value is equal to the area to the left of the test statistic z.
b) in a right-tailed test, the p-value is equal to the area to the right of the test statistic z.
c) in a two-tailed test, the p-value is equal to twice the extreme region bounded by the test statistic z.