Dogs are inbred for such desirable characteristics as blue eye color; but an unfortunate by-product of such inbreeding can be the emergence of characteristics such as deafness. a 1992 study of dalmatians (by strain and others, as reported in the dalmatians dilemma) found the following: (i) 31% of all dalmatians have blue eyes.(ii) 38% of all dalmatians are deaf.(iii) 42% of blue-eyed dalmatians are deaf. based on the results of this study is "having blue eyes" independent of "being deaf"? (a) no, since .31 * .38 is not equal to .42.(b) no, since .38 is not equal to .42.(c) no, since .31 is not equal to .42.(d) yes, since .31 * .38 is not equal to .42.(e) yes, since .38 is not equal to .42.