Researchers are studying the relationship between honesty, age, and self-control conducted an experiment on 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15. the researchers asked each child to toss a fair coin in private and to record the outcome (heads or tails) on a paper sheet, and said they would only reward children who report heads. half the students were explicitly told not to cheat and the others were not given any explicit instructions. differences were observed in the cheating rates in the instruction and no instruction groups, as well as some differences across children's characteristics within each group.

a) identify the population of interest in the study.

a. 80 children between the ages of 5 and 15 who were told not to cheat
b. 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15
c. the researchers
d. all children between the ages of 5 and 15
b) identify the sample for this study.

a. 80 children between the ages of 5 and 15 who were told not to cheat
b. the researchers
c. all children between the ages of 5 and 15
d. 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15
c) can the results of the study can be generalized to the population? should the findings of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.

a. if the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. furthermore, since this study is observational, the findings can be used to infer causal relationships.
b. if the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. furthermore, since this study is experimental, the findings can be used to infer causal relationships.
c. if the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. furthermore, since this study is experimental, the findings cannot be used to infer causal relationships. d. if the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. furthermore, since this study is observational, the results cannot be used to infer causal relationships.