Arelationship in which both the independent and dependent variables are influenced by a causally prior control variable such the original relationship is "explained away" by the control variable is referred to as:

a. spuriousness
b. statistical significance
c. percentage difference
d. dependence

(a) spuriousness relationship

Step-by-step explanation:

Spurious occurs between two variables that are actually caused by a third variable. Examples is like a number of teachers in region and number of people learn from college.

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step-by-step explanation:

answer: (c) m∠qpo + (2x + 16)° = 180°

step-by-step explanation:

the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are supplementary.

so, ∠o + ∠q = 180°   and   ∠p + ∠r = 180°

since ∠r = 2x + 16°, we can use substitution as follows:

∠p + ∠r = 180°

∠p + (2x + 16)° = 180°