Need these to be factored asap some are factored by square difference or another method like perfect square

Ineed i been stuck on this question since yesterday

Identify the number 127 as a rational or irrational. explain

For a science project, a high school research team conducted a survey of local air temperatures. based on the results of the survey, the found that the average temperatures were around 10 degrees higher than expected. this result was wrong. the trouble with the survey was that most of the locations were exposed to direct sunlight and located over asphalt or sand, which resulted in higher temperatures than normal. this is a classic example of an error in which phase of inferential statistics?