Given that an American is a male, what is the probability that he prefers name-brand milk? b. Given that an American is a female, what is the probability that she prefers name-brand milk? c. Is preference independent of gender? Explain

a) 0.280

b) 0.300

c) No, preference is not independent of gender. Since the P(N) (0.29) is not equal to P(N|M) (0.28) and/or P(N|F) (0.30), the preference and gender are not completely, statistically independent. It's very close though.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let the probability that the somebody surveyed is a male be P(M)

Let the probability that somebody surveyed is female be P(F)

Let the probability that somebody surveyed picked the name-brand milk be P(N)

Let the probability that somebody surveyed picked the store-brand milk be P(St)

Let the probability that somebody surveyed picked the something else be P(So)

a) Given that an American is a male, what is the probability that he prefers name-brand milk = P(N|M) = 319/1138 = 0.280

b) Given that an American is a female, what is the probability that she prefers name-brand milk = P(N|F) = 341/1138 = 0.300

c) To investigate if the preference and gender are independent or not, we need the P(N)

P(N) = probability that an average an Average American (male or female) will prefer a nam-brand milk = 660/2276 = 0.290.

Since the P(N) (0.29) is not equal to P(N|M) (0.28) and/or P(N|F) (0.30), the preference and gender are not statistically independent. It's very close though.

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step-by-step explanation: