An antigun advocate wants to estimate the percentage of people who favor stricter gun laws. He conducts a nationwide survey of 1203 randomly selected adults 18 years old and older. The interviewer asks the respondents, "Do you favor harsher penalties for individuals who sell guns illegally?"

For a science project, a high school research team conducted a survey of local air temperatures. based on the results of the survey, the found that the average temperatures were around 10 degrees higher than expected. this result was wrong. the trouble with the survey was that most of the locations were exposed to direct sunlight and located over asphalt or sand, which resulted in higher temperatures than normal. this is a classic example of an error in which phase of inferential statistics?