Suppose a measurement is made on some physical characteristic whose value is known, and let X denote the resulting measurement error. For an unbiased measuring instrument or technique, the mean value of X is 0. Assume that any particular measurement error is normally distributed with variance s2. Let X1, . . . Xn be a random sample of measurement errors. a. Obtain the method of moments estimator of s2.b. Obtain the maximum likelihood estimator of s2.

answer: d. $20

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just took the test

c

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answer: on graphs, the open and closed circles, or vertical asymptotes drawn as dashed lines us identify discontinuities.

as before, graphs and tables allow us to estimate at best.

when working with formulas, getting zero in the denominator indicates a point of discontinuity.

when working with piecewise-defined functions, check for discontinuities at the transition points where one piece ends and the next begins.

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