In a certain city, 5 percent of all drivers have expired licenses, 10 percent have an unpaid parking ticket, and 1 percent have both an expired license and an unpaid parking ticket. Are these events independent?

The events are not independent.

Step-by-step explanation:

Events A and B are independent if the occurrence of one does not effect the occurrence of the other.

If events A and B are independent then:

Denote the events as follows:

E = a driver has an expired license.

U = a driver has an unpaid parking ticket.

The information provided is:

P (E) = 0.05

P (U) = 0.10

P (E ∩ U) = 0.01

If events E and U are independent then:

P (E ∩ U) = P (E) × P (U)

Compute the value of P (E) × P (U) as follows:

So P (E ∩ U) ≠ P (E) × P (U).

Thus, events E and U are not independent.

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