Let n Sn S0 Xi n 1 i1 be a simple random walk starting in the random variable S0. That is, X1, X2, . . . is a sequence of i. i.d. random variables independent of S0 such that PXi 1 p and PXi 1 1 p foralli 1 and some p 0, 1 (a) Show that ESn1Sn Sn2p1foralln0. (b) Use the result in (a) to determine for which values p 0, 1 it holds that (i) ESn 1 Sn

square root

step-by-step explanation:

pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. about 25% of pakistan's agriculture accounts for about 21% [1] of gdp and employs about 43% of the labour force. in pakistan, the most agricultural province is punjab where wheat and cotton are the most grown.

or

step-by-step explanation:

we need to solve for 'x' the following equation:  

we have that:

⇒

⇒ ⇒

factorizing, we get that:

  ⇒

then, the solutions are: or

nothing extraneous has been found!