A customer in a shoe store bought a pair of shoes that were on sale for $15.00. He gave the salesman a $20.00 bill. Since he did not have change, the salesman went to an adjoining store and asked the lady in charge to give him change. She obligingly gave him a $10.00 bill and two $5.00 bills. The shoe man then returned and gave the customer his shoes and $5.00 change. The customer left.

Up to this point the story is very ordinary, but here is where "the plot thickens."

After the customer left, the lady who gave the salesman the change came into the store and told him that the $20.00 bill was a counterfeit. He looked at the bill, agreed that it was indeed worthless, and immediately repaid her with a good $20.00 bill.

That night, as he was closing the store, the shoe man began thinking about what he had lost in this series of transactions.

What did he lose?

In a study of the relationship between socio-economic class and unethical behavior, 129 university of california undergraduates at berkeley were asked to identify themselves as having low or high social-class by comparing themselves to others with the most (least) money, most (least) education, and most (least) respected jobs. they were also presented with a jar of individually wrapped candies and informed that the candies were for children in a nearby laboratory, but that they could take some if they wanted. after completing some unrelated tasks, participants reported the number of candies they had taken. it was found that those who were identiď¬ed as upper-class took more candy than others. in this study, identify: (a) the cases, (b) the variables and their types, (c) the main research question, (d) identify the population of interest and the sample in this study, and (e) comment on whether or not the results of the study can be generalized to the population, and if the ď¬ndings of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.