Properties in mathematics 0+14=14 is what type of property

Abby is preparing fruit punch for her party. she starts with a bowl filled with liquid that has 1/2 fruit juice and 1/2 sprite, but she decides it's too fruity. so she pours out 1/4 of the liquid, and then fills the bowl up again with sprite. what fraction of the punch is now sprite?

There are three bags: a (contains 2 white and 4 red balls), b (8 white, 4 red) and c (1 white 3 red). you select one ball at random from each bag, observe that exactly two are white, but forget which ball came from which bag. what is the probability that you selected a white ball from bag a?

What is the missing reason in the proof? segment addition congruent segments theorem transitive property of equality subtraction property of equality?