Researchers conducted a study involving three popular diets: Atkins (very low carb), Zone (40:30:30 ratio of carbs, protein, fat), and Ornish (low fat). They randomly assigned overweight women to one of the three diets. The 232 women who volunteered for the program were educated on their assigned diet and were observed periodically as they stayed on the diet for a year. At the end of the year, the researchers calculated the changes in body mass index for each woman and compared the results across the three diets. An instructor wants to investigate whether the color of paper (blue or green) on which an exam is printed has an effect on students’ exam scores. Statistical evidence was used in the murder trial of Kristen Gilbert, a nurse who was accused of killing patients. More than one thousand 8-hour shifts were analyzed. Was the proportion of shifts with a death substantially higher for the shifts that Gilbert worked?