A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex, multilevel building on campus. Specifically, he wanted to determine whether different building signs (building maps versus wall signage) affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the building. Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations, and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded. Starting Room

Interior Exterior

Wall Signs 141, 119, 238 224, 339, 139

Map 85, 94, 126 226, 129, 130

An Excel output of the appropriate analysis is given below:

ANOVA

Source of Variation

SS

df

MS

F

P-value

F crit

Signs

14008.33

14008.33

0.11267

5.317645

Starting Location

12288

2.784395

0.13374

5.317645

Interaction

48

48

0.919506

5.317645

Within

35305.33

4413.167

Total

61649.67

11

a) What is the degrees of freedom for the different building signs (factor A)? Explain how you obtain your answer.

b) What is the within (error) degrees of freedom? Explain how you obtain your answer.

c) What is the mean squares for starting location (factor B)? Explain how you obtain your answer.

d) What is the F test statistic for testing the main effect of types of signs? Explain how you obtain your answer.

e) What is the F test statistic for testing the interaction effect between the types of signs and the starting location? Explain how you obtain your answer.

f) What conclusion can you infer at 10% level of significance? Explain how you obtain your answer.