What does 10 with a little 4 on the top mean

They are called exponents, they multiply the number itself (the bigger number) so the answer to 10 with a little 2, means 10x10 or "100"

Using exponents is a short way of saying “multiply the number by itself.” The little number up above tells you how many times to multiply the number by itself. So 10 2 means 10 x 10, or 100. ... (Each time you have an exponent of 10, the little number up above tells you how many zeros there will be in the answer).

both equations and proportions are better.

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