Alpha (a) is used to measure the error for decisions concerning true null hypotheses. What is beta (ß) error used to measure?

Alpha (α) is used to measure the error for decisions concerning true null hypotheses, while beta (ß) is used to measure error for decisions concerning false null hypotheses.

Step-by-step explanation:

Suppose we have events X and Y.

1. If it is said that X equals Y, when X is actually not equal to Y, α is used in this case, the null hypotheses.

2. If X is said to not be equal to Y, when X is actually equal to Y, β is used in this case, the false null hypotheses.

the first one, all those points on the line just make a strait line.

no this is a nonlinear negative