If the relationship is proportional, what is the missing value from the table? X-8 Y-6, X-15 Y- ?, V-24 Y-18

When you answer this can you explain

Do more republicans (group a) than democrats (group b) favor a bill to make it easier for someone to own a firearm? two hundred republicans and two hundred democrats were asked if they favored a bill that made it easier for someone to own a firearm. how would we write the alternative hypothesis?

From the beginning of the day the temperature rose 15 degrees so that by 4 pm it was 87 degrees. what was the temperature at the start of the day