Explain the steps to simplify (10+71) + (-18+5r)

Ben is three times as old as samantha, who is two years older than half of michel's age. if michel is 12. how old is ben?

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You dug a hole that was 8 feet deep. after taking a short break, you dug down 3 more feet in the same hole. when finished digging, a tractor accidentally filled the hole with 4 feet of dirt. how deep is your hole now?