write this number in standard notation

What expression is equivalent to 42x-56y

Does anyone know how to solve and graph this: 4 + | a + 2 | < 7the only part i don't get is the "4 +"

Three baby penguins and their father were sitting on an iceberg 0.50.50, point, 5 meters above the surface of the water. the father dove down 4.74.74, point, 7 meters from the iceberg into the water to catch dinner for his kids. what is the father penguin's position relative to the surface of the water?