Do you think that students should be proficient in addition before learning multiplication? answer in 175 words! thank you so much :)

Yes, Because if you can't add then you do not know how many times to add the number. For example, 5 x 5= 25

If you don't know what 5+5 equals then how are you supposed to figure out 5+5+5+5+5. That is just common knowledge that you should have learned in your early school years. You need to know how to subtract to divide so it is basically the same concept. I do not know anyone that does not know how to multiply but not add. To me, that does not even seem possible. I know that you have to be really good at adding to multiply too. Cause if you only know how to add up to 100 what happens when you get in high school and college and need to multiply in school over 100? Or thinking higher than that you need to know so that you can do taxes, pay bills, etc... So my answer to this question is yes, you should be proficient in addition to learn multiplication.

shift 4 units up, and 1 unit left.

it will translate f(x) = 3^x to g(x) = 3^(x+1) + 4

just get this app called photo math it should be able to do those