Maya bought a dozen specialty donuts at the bakery for $18. She purchased a mixture of frosted donuts for $2 each, glazed donuts for $1 each, and custard filled donuts for $5 each. If Maya purchased twice as many frosted donuts as custard filled donuts, how many of each type of donut did she buy?

from the figure we get,

the x axis shows   the months and,

the y-axis shows the number of satisfied customer.

each line or each cell in upward direction (y-axis) shows 500.

the appropriate scale for the y - axis is: -

a = 2000 customers

b = 4000 customers

c = 6000 customers

d = 8000 customers

e = 10000 customers

f = 12000 customers

g = 14000 customers

we have three similar triangles, because each has a right angle and shares an angle.   let's write the angles in order: opposite to short leg, long leg, hypotenuse.

cab similar to bad similar to cbd

or as ratios,

ca: ab: cb = ba: ad: bd = cb: bd: cd

we also know

ac = ad + cd

(ad+cd): ab: cb = ba: ad: bd = cb: bd: cd

(ad+cd)/cb=cb/cd

we have cb=6, ad=5 and seek x=cd.

we reject the negative root and conclude x=4

answer: 4