A university gives credit in a French language course to students who pass a placement test. The language department wants to know if students who get credit in this way differ in
their understanding of spoken French from students who actually take the French course.
Some faculty think the students who test out of the course are better, but others argue that
they are weaker in oral comprehension. Experience has shown that the mean score of
students in the course on a standard listening test is 24. The language department gives the
same listening test to a sample of 40 students who passed the placement test to see if their
performance is different.