Avehicle can make a 100 mile trip using $30 worth of fuel if it travels at an average speed of 60 mph. the same vehicle uses $42 worth of fuel for the same trip if it travels at an average speed of 120 mph. the other non-fuel costs for the trip total $20 per hour.
a) find the fuel cost for the trip as a linear function of the average speed, v.
b) find the non-fuel cost for the trip. remember that time=distance/v.
c) find the average speed that minimizes the total cost of the trip.

A)
y=C₁(v)=Fuel cost for the trip  as a linear function of the average speed, v.
x=v= average speed.

Data: 
When:   v=60 mph   ⇒         C(v)=$30
When:   v=120 mph  ⇒        C(v)=$42

We have two points (60,30) and (120,42), therefore we have to calculate the equation of the line passes through these points.

1) We calculate the slope of the function:
Given two points (x₁,y₁) and (x₂,y₂) the slope of the line passes through these points will be:
m=(y₂-y₁)/(x₂-x₁)

In our case, the points are (60,30) and (120,42) and the slope will be:
m=(42-30)/(120-60)=12/60=0.2    ($0.2  per mile) 

slope-intercept form of  a line: we need a point (x₀,y₀) and the slope:
y-y₀=m(x-x₀)

We know the slope (m=0.2) and we can choose either of the points known, the result is always the same with any of these points known. Therefore:
(60,30)
m=0.2

y-y₀=m(x-x₀)
y-30=0.2(x-60)
y-30=0.2x-12
y=0.2x-12+30
y=0.2x+18

y=C(v)
x=v

C₁(v)=0.2v+18

Answer (a)= the fuel cost ( C(v) ) for the trip as a linear function of the average speed, v would be:    C₁(v)=0.2v+18

b)
y=C₂(v)=no- fuel cost of the trip en function of the average speed (v). 
v=average speed
time=distance / speed

C₂(v)=$20 per hour (distance /speed)
C₂(V)=$20 / hour(100 miles / speed)
C₂(v)=2000/ v 

For example:
if v=60 mph ⇒ C₂(v)=2000 /60≈$33.33
if v=120 mph⇒C₂(v)=2000/120≈$16.67

Other way
We have to calculate the time spend with the two speeds known.
if average speed=60 mph      ⇒time=100 miles/(60 miles/hour)=5/3 hour.
if average speed=120 mph    ⇒time=100 miles/(120 miles/hour)=5/6 hour.

non-fuel cost if v=60 mph  =$20 per hour(5/3 hour)≈$33.33
non-fuel cost if v=60 mph  =$20 per hour(5/6)≈$16.67

Answer (b): the function of the non-fuel cost for the trip will be :
C₂(v)=2000/v. The non-fuel cost for the speeds given are:
non-fuel cost if v=60 mph  ≈$33.33
non-fuel cost if v=120 mph  ≈$16.67

c)
C(v)=total cost for the trip
C(v)=C₁(v)+C₂(v)
C(v)=(0.2v+18)+(2000/v)
or
C(v)=(0.2v²+18v+2000)/v

1) We have to do the first derivative of this function:
C´(v)=0.2-2000/v²
C´(v)=(0.2v²-2000)/v²

2) We have to find the values of "v" when C´(v)=0
Then:
0.2v²-2000=0
v=√(2000/0.2)=100

3)We have to do the second derivative:
C´´(v)=4000/v³
C´´(100)>0  ⇒ we have a minimum at v=100

The total cost of the trip will be:
C(100)=0.2(100)+18+2000/100=$58

Answer (c): the average seed that minimizes the total cost of the trip will be 100 mph.

Answer: 10pi

x = central angle apc = measure of minor arc ac

the two angles x and 30 add to 180, so x+30 = 180 and x = 180-30 = 150. the measure of minor arc ac is 150 degrees.

what we need to do from here is find the circumference and then multiply it by x/360 since there are 360 degrees in a circle. in this case, x = 150, so x/360 = 150/360 = 15/36 = 5/12. the shortest distance along the curve from a to c is 5/12 of the distance around the entire circle (aka circumference)

c = circumference

c = pi*d

c = pi*24

c = 24pi

now multiply this by 5/12 to get

distance along minor arc ac = (5/12)*(circumference)

distance along minor arc ac = (5/12)*(24pi)

distance along minor arc ac = 10pi

the formula you can use is

l = (x/360)*pi*d

with

l = length of minor arc

x = central angle

d = diameter

which essentially is the steps we took though a bit differently.