I dont understand this

Which of the binomials below is a factor of this exression? 16x^2+40xy+25y^2 a.4x-5y b. 2x-5y c.4x+5y d.2x+5y

Three numbers x, y, and z are in the ratio 2: 7: 8. if 12 is subtracted from y, then three numbers form a geometric sequence (in the order x, y–12, z). find x, y, and z. there are 2 sets.

How do you solve this step by step?