The article "Should Pregnant Women Move? Linking Risks for Birth Defects with Proximity to Toxic Waste Sites" (Chance [1992]: 40-45) reported that in a large study carried out in the state of New York, approximately 30% of the
study subjects lived within 1 mile of a hazardous waste site. Let p denote the proportion of all New York residents who
live within 1 mi. of such a site, and suppose that p = .3.