A university president believes that over the past few years, the mean age of students attending his university has decreased. To test this hypothesis, a study is conducted in which the age of 150 students who have been randomly sampled from the student body is measured. The mean age is 21.5 years. A complete census taken at the university a few years prior to the study showed a mean age of 23.5 years, with a standard deviation of 8.5. Test using a 1% level of significance. What is the null hypothesis?

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introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.