The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) includes a "long-term trend" study that tracks reading and mathematics skills over time, and obtains demographic information. In the 2012 study, a random sample of 9000 17-year-old students was selected.24 The NAEP sample used a multistage design, but the overall effect is quite similar to an SRS of 17-year-olds who are still in school. In the sample, 51% of students had at least one parent who was a college graduate. Estimate, with 99% confidence, the proportion of all 17-year-old students in 2012 who had at least one parent graduate from college.

In this problem, we explore the effect on the standard deviation of multiplying each data value in a data set by the same constant. consider the data set 14, 6, 8, 15, 15. (a) use the defining formula, the computation formula, or a calculator to compute s. (round your answer to one decimal place.) s = 4.28 (b) multiply each data value by 3 to obtain the new data set 42, 18, 24, 45, 45. compute s. (round your answer to one decimal place.) s = 12.83 (c) compare the results of parts (a) and (b). in general, how does the standard deviation change if each data value is multiplied by a constant c? multiplying each data value by the same constant c results in the standard deviation remaining the same. multiplying each data value by the same constant c results in the standard deviation being |c| times as large. multiplying each data value by the same constant c results in the standard deviation increasing by c units. multiplying each data value by the same constant c results in the standard deviation being |c| times smaller. (d) you recorded the weekly distances you bicycled in miles and computed the standard deviation to be s = 3.8 miles. your friend wants to know the standard deviation in kilometers. do you need to redo all the calculations? yes no given 1 mile ≠1.6 kilometers, what is the standard deviation in kilometers? (enter your answer to two decimal places.)