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If you learned about the 45-45-90 triangle (which is isosceles), then the faster way is to know that the hypotenuse (side opposite of right angle) is √2 times either one of the sides.
24√2 = (√2)x
x = 24

But if you didn't learn the 45-45-90 triangle yet, that's ok.
Recall the trigonometric ratios for right triangles: sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan).

If your angle is x, then
sin(x) = opposite side / hypotenuse
cos(x) = adjacent side / hypotenuse
tan(x) = opposite side / adjacent side

Remember the hypotenuse is the side opposite and across from the right angle (24√2 in this case).
An acronym to remember this is SohCahToa.

In this problem, the angle given is 45°, and you need to find the length of the adjacent side x. The hypotenuse is also given as 24√2.

Because we have the adjacent side and the hypotenuse, we use cosine to relate those two sides
cos(45°) = x / (24√2)
x = (24√2)cos45°
If you plug this into your calculator (in degree mode), then
x = 24