To shift the graph of an equation a certain number of units you need to subtract that number from the functions equation
a. down
b. up

The correct option is A) Down.

Step-by-step explanation:

A function can be shift vertically up or down by adding some positive or negative constant.

For example:

Consider the figure 1:

The function shifted up by k unit. (where k is 1 unit)

Now consider the figure 2:

The function shifted down by k unit. (where k is 1 unit)

Which means to shift the graph of an equation certain number of units up, we need to add that number from the functions equation.

Similarly, to shift the graph of an equation certain number of units down, we need to subtract that number from the functions equation.

Therefore, the correct option is A) Down.

the simplified form is

step-by-step explanation:

we want to simplify the expression,

let us change the middle bar to a normal division sign to obtain,

we multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction to obtain,

we factor to obtain,

we cancel the common factors to get,

we simplify to get,

the correct answer is b