For each of the following research scenarios, decide whether the design uses a related sample. If the design uses a related sample, identify whether it uses matched subjects or repeated measures. (Note: Researchers can match subjects by matching particular characteristics, or, in some cases, matched subjects are naturally paired, such as siblings or married couples). A researcher is interested in whether people eat more or less when they are in a hurry. The researcher collects a random sample of 80 adults and invites them to eat two (identical) free meals one month apart. For one of the meals, no time restriction is placed on the meal. For the other meal, participants are told when their meal is served that they have only 10 minutes until another group is due to sit down. Half of the participants eat their hurried meal first; the other half eat it second. The researcher compares the amount eaten at each sitting. The design described.
John Cacioppo was interested in possible mechanisms by which loneliness may have deleterious effects on health. He compared the sleep quality of a random sample of lonely people to the sleep quality of a random sample of nonlonely people. The design described.
a. uses a related sample (repeated measures).
b. uses a related sample (matched subjects).
c. does not use a related sample.