INFO: The chairs are evenly spaced around the wheel
Question: If the length of the cable from L to E is 80 feet, E to the ground is 35 feet, and F to the ground is 40
feet, what is the length of the cable from J to F?

About 72 feet

The more accurate value is roughly 71.7260397 feet (however, this value isn't fully exact either).

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Explanation:

Check out the diagram below. It's effectively the same diagram your teacher provided, but I've added points M and N. I've left out any unnecessary lines.

M = center of the circleN = location where the cable is anchored to the ground

We're told that "(the length of cable from) E to the ground is 35 feet", so this is the red portion of cable that I've marked this as NE = 35, ie segment NE is 35 feet long. We're also told that NF = 40 feet, which is also shown in red.

The blue portions are chords of the circle. We're given one chord as LE = 80 ft, while the other chord JF is what we want to find out.

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What we need to find is the radius of this circle. Right away, it's not clear what the radius is; however, we can use the chord LE = 80 to help find it.

It turns out that the chord length c is connected to the radius r and central angle theta like so:

c = 2*r*sin(0.5*theta)

where theta must be in radian mode. The central angle subtends the arc that forms the chord in question.

If we started at point L, and counted the number of spaces to get to E while going clockwise, then we can see that there are 5 spaces

Those five spaces could be written as

The jump from L to AThe jump from A to BThe jump from B to CThe jump from C to DThe jump from D to E

Or you could mark it as such on the diagram for a visual reference. Overall, the circle has been cut into 12 equal slices. So going from L to E, going clockwise, will have us take up 5/12 of the full circle.

There are 2pi radians in a full circle, meaning the central angle LME is (5/12)*2pi = 5pi/6 radians.

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Plug theta = 5pi/6 and c = 80 into the formula mentioned. Isolate the radius.

c = 2*r*sin(0.5*theta)

80 = 2*r*sin(0.5*5pi/6)

80 = 2*r*sin(5pi/12)

80 = 2*r*0.9659258

80 = 2*0.9659258*r

80 = 1.9318516r

1.9318516r = 80

r = 80/1.931 8516

r = 41.4110483

The radius is approximate. The radius is in feet. Make sure your calculator is in radian mode.

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Now that we know the radius, we can determine how long chord JF is.

The central angle for chord JF is angle JMF

If we start at J and go to F, along the shorter path, then we've gone 4 spaces. This is 4/12 = 1/3 of the full circle. So the radian measure of angle JMF is (1/3)*2pi = 2pi/3 radians.

So,

c = 2*r*sin(0.5*theta)

c = 2*41.4110483*sin(0.5*2pi/3)

c = 71.7260397

Chord JF is roughly 71.7260397 feet long.

When rounding to the nearest foot, that's about 72 feet.

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The correct answer is: b