Help it’s due in 10 minutes

How do i start to solve? would appreciate a walk-thru! a bird sitting 16ft above the ground in an apple tree dislodges an apple. after how many seconds does the apple land on the ground? (assuming that no branches will interfere with it's fall)

At the beginning of 1974/75,2 years a man invested #2000 in a bank at 12.5% compound interest, if it degree #650 at the end of each two years to pay his son's school fees, after payment of interest to pay his son's school fees, how much did he have left at the beginning of the 1978/79 school year?

15 liters is approximately how many gallons