The Gompertz-Makeham law of mortality states that the transition intensity of mortality for humans of age x can be expressed in the form x e x . It has been observed in a population that the probability of a 20 year old surviving until age 50 is equal to 0.96, and the probability of a 20 year old surviving until age 85 is equal to 0.50. Assuming that the Gompertz-Makeham law of mortality holds and that 0.085 , calculate and .