Simplify 81-19+218-412

Can some one me with these questions

Suppose that sahil knows that 45 people with ages of 18 to 29 voted. without using a calculator, he quickly says then 135 people with ages of 30to 49 voted. is he correct? how might sohil have come up with his answer so quickly?

Atype of plant is introduced into an ecosystem and quickly begins to take over. a scientist counts the number of plants after mmonths and develops the equation p(m)= 19.3(1.089)^m to model the situation. most recently, the scientist counted 138 plants.assuming there are no limiting factors to the growth of the plants, about how many months have passed since the plants werefirst introduced? a)o 6.1b)0.6.6c)10 72d)o 23.1