Can snacking on fruit rather than candy reduce later food consumption? Researchers randomly
assigned 12 women to eat either 65 calories of berries
or 65 calories of candy. Two hours later, all 12 women
were given an unlimited amount of pasta to eat. The
researchers recorded the amount of pasta consumed
by each subject. The women who ate the berries con-
sumed 133 fewer calories, on average. Identify the
explanatory and response variables, the experimental
units, and the treatments.