The FAA tracks average flight delays. It found that, last year, a particular airline had an average flight delay of 20 minutes. So far this year, the airline has an average that is 45% shorter. What is the current year's average?

11 minutes

Step-by-step explanation:

45% of 20 can be found by multiplying 20 and 0.45

which equals 9

so if the average delay was 20 but is now 9 minutes shorter then the current year's average is 11 minutes

introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.