There are two approaches to the development and testing of hypotheses: inductive and deductive. In the inductive method, the scientist gathers empirical data and from it arrives at a generalization. The inductive method proceeds from specific observations to a general conclusion. Using a deductive method, a scientist develops a general idea about a phenomenon, performs experiments, and from them makes specific predictions that can be tested again. A. Argument; conclusion: using a deductive method ... can be tested again.

B. Argument; conclusion: In the inductive method ... at a generalization.

C. Argument; conclusion: The inductive method ... to a general conclusion.

D. Nonargument.

E. Argument; conclusion: There are two approaches ... inductive and deductive.